List of peasant revolts
This is a chronological list of revolts organized by peasants.
Background
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Poltettu_kyl%C3%A4.jpg/220px-Poltettu_kyl%C3%A4.jpg)
The history of peasant wars spans over two thousand years. A variety of factors fueled the emergence of the peasant revolt phenomenon, including:[2]
- Tax resistance
- Social inequality
- Religious war
- National liberation
- Resistance against serfdom
- Land reform
- External factors such as plague and famine
Later peasant revolts such as the Telangana Rebellion were also influenced by agrarian socialist ideologies such as Maoism.[3]
The majority of peasant rebellions ended prematurely and were unsuccessful. Peasants suffered from limited funding and lacked the training and organisational capabilities of professional armies.[4]
Chronological list
[edit]The list gives the name, the date, the peasant allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
- Peasant victory
- Peasant defeat
- Another result (e.g. a treaty or peace without a clear result, status quo ante bellum, result unknown or indecisive)
- Ongoing conflict
Date | Conflict | State | Peasants | Result | Image | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
209–206 BC | Anti-Qin revolts (including Dazexiang Uprising) | Qin dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders, including Chen Sheng, Wu Guang, Xiang Yu, and Liu Bang | Qin dissolution | [5] | |
205–186 BC | Great revolt of the Egyptians | ![]() |
Native Egyptian peasants and soldiers under secessionist Pharaohs Hugronaphor and Ankhmakis | Suppression of the rebellion | [6] | |
17–25 | Lülin | Xin dynasty | Lülin rebels | Collapse of Xin dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Liu Xiu after infighting among Lülin forces | ||
17–27 | Red Eyebrows | Xin dynasty | Red Eyebrows rebels | Goal of the rebellion partially achieved, but eventual defeat of the movement by Liu Xiu | ||
172–173 | Bucolic War | ![]() |
Egyptian peasants under Isidorus | Suppression of the rebellion | [7] | |
184–205 | Yellow Turban Rebellion | Han dynasty | Yellow Turban rebels | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | ![]() |
[8] |
185–205 | Heishan bandit movement | Han dynasty | Bandit confederacy of the Taihang Mountains Gongsun Zan's forces | Suppression of the rebellion, though Han dynasty is severely weakened | ||
3rd–5th century | Bagaudae | ![]() |
Bagaudae Suebi | Gain control of some territory; end with the general collapse of the Roman Empire | ||
4th–late 5th century | Circumcellions | ![]() |
Berber and Roman peasants Donatist authorities Rebellious Roman military under Gildo (in 398) | End of Roman Catholic rule in Africa, but suppression of the rebellion by Vandals and Arian authorities | [9] | |
611–619 | Anti-Sui rebellions | Sui dynasty | Peasants under several rebel leaders Defected military forces under several rebel generals, officials and nobles | Collapse of Sui dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Li Yuan after infighting among rebel forces | ||
841–843 | Stellinga Uprising | Saxon nobility Frankish military under Louis the German | Stellinga | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
859–860 | Rebellion of Ch'iu Fu | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Ch'iu Fu | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [10] | |
874–878 | Rebellion of Wang Xianzhi | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Wang Xianzhi and Shang Junzhang | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [11] | |
875–884 | Rebellion of Huang Chao | Tang dynasty | Chinese peasants and bandits under Huang Chao | Suppression of the rebellion, though Tang dynasty is severely weakened | [12] | |
928–932 | Basil the Copper Hand Rebellions | ![]() |
Peasants under Basil the Copper Hand | Suppression of the rebellion | [13] | |
993–995 | Da Shu rebellion in Sichuan | Song dynasty | Peasants under Wang Xiaobo and Li Shun | Suppression of the rebellion | [14] | |
996 | Peasants' revolt in Normandy | Normandy under Rodulf of Ivry and Richard II, Duke of Normandy | Norman peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [15] | |
1277–1280 | Uprising of Ivaylo | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
Murder of Ivaylo | [16] | |
1323–1328 | Peasant revolt in Flanders | ![]() |
Flemish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1343–1345 | St. George's Night Uprising | ![]() ![]() |
Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[17] |
1351–1368 | Red Turban Rebellion | Yuan dynasty Goryeo | Red Turban Armies of White Lotus members, Manichaeans and Chinese peasants | Fall of Yuan dynasty and retreat of the Mongols into Mongolia as the Northern Yuan dynasty; ascendancy of rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang after infighting among rebel forces | ||
1358 | Jacquerie | ![]() |
French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1381 | Peasants' Revolt | ![]() |
English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Plantagenet dynasty is weakened | ![]() |
|
1382 | Harelle | ![]() |
French peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[18] |
1428 | Shocho uprising | ![]() |
Japanese peasants | Peasant debts cancelled. | ||
1437 | Transylvanian peasant revolt | ![]() |
Transylvanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1438 | Hallvard Graatops Revolt | ![]() |
Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1441 | Kakitsu uprising | ![]() |
Do-ikki (leagues) of peasants and jizamurai | Peasant debts cancelled, Ashikaga shogunate is severely weakened. | ![]() |
[19] |
1441 | Funen and Jutland Peasant rebellions | ![]() |
Danish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1450 | Jack Cade's rebellion | ![]() |
English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lancaster dynasty is weakened and eventually overthrown during the Wars of the Roses. | ![]() |
[20] |
1450–1451 | John and William Merfold's Uprising | ![]() |
English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[21] |
1453–1454 | Morea revolt of 1453–54 | ![]() ![]() |
Greek peasants under Manuel Kantakouzenos Albanians under Peter Bua ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | [22] | |
1462–1472, 1485–1486 | War of the Remences | ![]() ![]() |
Catalan peasants ![]() |
Goal of the rebellion largely achieved, Sentència de Guadalupe signed | ![]() |
[23] |
1467–1469 | Galician Irmandiños Revolt | Kingdom of Galicia (Crown of Castile) | Galician peasants, led by Galician burgeoisie and part of the local lower nobility | Suppression of the rebellion by feudal armies | [24] | |
May 1476 | Niklashausen Peasant Revolt | ![]() |
German peasants led by Hans Böhm, who had a vision of the Virgin Mary, against the nobility and clergy of the Holy Roman Empire. | Böhm executed and pilgrimages to Niklashausen ceased | [25] | |
1478 | Carinthian Peasant Revolt | ![]() |
Carinthian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [26] | |
1482–1511 | Yamashiro ikki uprisings | ![]() Various samurai clans |
Yamashiro ikki and later, lesser ikki Various samurai clans |
Most ikki submit to the shogunate in 1493, though they achieved many of their aims and continued to retain autonomy until the gradual end of the movement | [27] | |
1487–1488 | Kaga Rebellion | Togashi clan | Ikkō-ikkiMotoori clanYamagawa clan | Decisive victory for the Ikkō-ikki. | ![]() |
[28] |
1488–1582 | Ikkō-ikki Uprisings | Several major samurai clans (including Oda clan and Tokugawa clan) Nichiren sect Tendai sōhei Jōdo-shū sōhei | Ikkō-shū peasant and ji-samurai leagues Jōdo Shinshū sōhei ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Destruction of most militant Ikkō-shū leagues; Jōdo Shinshū sect and remaining Ikkō-ikki submit to Toyotomi Hideyoshi | [29] | |
1490-1492 | Mukha rebellion | ![]() |
Orthodox ruthenian peasants
Orthodox moldavian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1493–1517 | Bundschuh movement | ![]() |
German Peasants | All rebellions suppressed | ![]() |
|
1498–1878 | Opryshky movement | ![]() ![]() |
Ruthenian (Ukrainian) peasants
Hutsul peasants |
Suppression of the movement | ![]() |
|
1511 | Friulian Revolt | ![]() |
Friulian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1514 | Poor Conrad Rebellion | ![]() |
Württemberg peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[30] |
1514 | György Dózsa Rebellion | ![]() |
Hungarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[31] |
1515 | Slovene Peasant Revolt of 1515 | ![]() |
Slovene peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[32] |
1515–1523 | Frisian peasant rebellion | ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1516–1521 | Trần Cảo Rebellion | Lê dynasty | Vietnamese peasants under Trần Cảo and Trần Cung | Suppression of the rebellion, though Lê dynasty is severely weakened | [33] | |
1519–1659 | Celali rebellions | ![]() |
Turkmen peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [34] | |
1524–1525 | German Peasants' War | ![]() |
German peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1524–1533 | Dalecarlian Rebellions | ![]() |
Dalarna peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1525 | Palatine Peasants' War | ![]() |
Palatine peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1534 | Skipper Clement's Rebellion | ![]() ![]() |
Danish Peasants under Skipper Clement ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1540 | Peasant's Rebellion in Telemark | ![]() |
Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1542–1543 | Dacke War | ![]() |
Småland peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [35] | |
1549 | Kett's Rebellion | ![]() |
English peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1573 | Croatian–Slovene Peasant Revolt | ![]() |
Slovene peasants Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[36] |
1594–1637 | Croquant rebellions | ![]() |
French peasants | Suppression of all rebellions | ||
1596–1597 | Cudgel War | ![]() |
Finnish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [37] | |
1606–1607 | Bolotnikov Rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1626–1636 | Peasants' War in Upper Austria | ![]() |
Austrian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[38] |
1630–1645 | Rebellion of Li Zicheng | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) ![]() |
Peasants under Li Zicheng, Gao Guiying and other generals of the Shun dynasty | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | ||
1630–1647 | Rebellion of Zhang Xianzhong | Ming dynasty (1630–1644) ![]() |
Peasants and bandits under Zhang Xianzhong | Collapse of Ming dynasty, but suppression of the rebellion by Qing dynasty | [39] | |
1635 | Second Slovene peasants' revolt | ![]() |
Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1637–1638 | Shimabara Rebellion | ![]() ![]() |
Christian peasants and rōnin | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[40] |
1639 | Revolt of the va-nu-pieds | ![]() |
Normandy peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1640 | Corpus de Sang | ![]() |
Catalan harvesters | Revolt successful. Start of the Reapers' War; eventual defeat of Catalonia | ![]() |
|
1651 | Kostka-Napierski Uprising | ![]() |
Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[41] |
1652 | Guo Huaiyi Rebellion | Dutch East India Company Aboriginal Taiwanese | Chinese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1653 | Swiss peasant war of 1653 | ![]() |
Swiss peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[42] |
1664-1665 | Varenytsia Uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants
Kalnyk Cossack regiment under Vasyl Varenytsia and Ivan Sulymka Zaporozhian Cossacks under Ivan Sirko |
Suppression of the rebellion | [43] | |
1667–1671 | Stepan Razin Rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[44] |
1669–1670 | Peasant Rebellion in Podhale | ![]() |
Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[45] |
1704 | Kuridža's Rebellion | ![]() |
Orthodox peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1705–1706 | Bavarian People's Uprising | ![]() |
Bavarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1707–1708 | Bulavin Rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants Don Cossacks | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1713 | Slovene peasant revolt in Tolmin | ![]() |
Peasants under a scattered leadership of various leaders, including Ivan Miklavčič | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1730–1769 | Peasant revolts for the restoration of the Lê dynasty and land reforms | Trịnh lords Nguyễn lords | Vietnamese peasants Lê dynasty | Suppression of the rebellions and eventual collapse of Lê dynasty, but start of Tây Sơn Revolt | ||
1743 | Dalecarlian rebellion | ![]() |
Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1765 | Strilekrigen | ![]() |
Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1767-1770 | Klishchyn Uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants
Zhovnynsk Cossacks |
Suppression of the rebellion | [46] | |
1768–1769 | Koliivshchyna | ![]() ![]() |
Haidamaka movement
Orthodox ruthenian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1769–1788 | Tây Sơn Revolt | Nguyễn lords (until 1776) Nguyễn Ánh's forces (since 1776) Trịnh lords (until 1786) ![]() Lê dynasty (1786–1788) ![]() |
Tây Sơn dynasty | Goal of the rebellion achieved; reunification of Vietnam and introduction of land reforms under Tây Sơn dynasty | ![]() |
|
1773–1775 | Pugachev's Rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants Ural Cossacks Bashkirs | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[47] |
1780–1783 | Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II | ![]() |
Quechua and Aymara peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [48] | |
1784 | Revolt of Horea, Cloșca and Crișan | ![]() |
Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[49] |
1786–1787 | Lofthusreisingen | ![]() |
Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1786–1787 | Shays' Rebellion | ![]() |
American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, constitutional reform | ![]() |
|
1789-1793 | Turbaii Uprising | ![]() |
![]() Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion, self government abolished | [50] | |
1790 | Saxon Peasants' Revolt | ![]() |
Saxon peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[51] |
1791–1794 | Whisky Rebellion | ![]() |
American farmers | Suppression of the rebellion, whiskey tax is repealed shortly after | ||
1793–1796 | War in the Vendée | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1793–1804 | Chouannerie | ![]() |
![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1794 | Kościuszko Uprising | ![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[52] | |
1794–1804 | White Lotus Rebellion | ![]() |
White Lotus rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1798 | Peasants' War | ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[53] |
1800–1802 | Lærdal Rebellion | ![]() |
Norwegian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [54] | |
1803 | Cherkasy Uprising of 1803 | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [55] | |
1807–1820 | Jean-Baptiste Perrier's rebellion | ![]() |
Haitian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1809 | Tyrolean Rebellion | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1809 | Gottscheer Rebellion | ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1811 | Klågerup riots | ![]() |
Swedish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1813-1835 | Karmaliuk uprisings | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants
Polish peasants Jewish peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [56] | |
1819 | Chuguev uprising | ![]() |
military settlers of the Chuguev Regiment
Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [57] | |
1826–1854 | Peasant uprisings during the reign of Nicholas I of Russia | ![]() |
Russian peasants | About 556 small-scale rural uprisings took place during Nicholas' reign. All were suppressed, but contributed to the Russian Emperor's reluctance to end the serfdom in Russia. | [58] | |
1826 | Ohramievchi uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [59] | |
1832–1835 | Cabanada | ![]() |
Restorationist peasants | Rebellion subdued after the premature death of former Emperor Pedro I | ||
1834–1835 | Syrian Peasant Revolt (1834–35) | ![]() |
Arab peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [60] | |
1835–1840 | Cabanagem | ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1838–1841 | Balaiada | ![]() |
Peasants and African slaves | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1839–1845 | Anti-Rent War | ![]() ![]() |
Upstate tenant farmers | initially suppressed by the state militia, rebel anti-rent leaders arrested though they were either pardoned or not sentenced, anti-renters continued to rebel decades after the trials, the Antirenter party was formed and tenant rights were granted. | ![]() |
|
1844 | Piquet uprising | ![]() |
Piquets (Haitian peasants) under Acaau | Piquet movement leaders integrated into government, but goals not achieved | [61] | |
1846 | Acaau's second rebellion | ![]() |
Haitian peasants under Acaau | Suppression of the rebellion | [62] | |
1846 | Galician Peasant Uprising of 1846 | ![]() |
Galician peasants | De facto suppression of the rebellion, although it was both sparked and extinguished by the Austrian authorities and eventually led to abolition of serfdom in Galicia and Lodomeria two years later. | [63] | |
1847-1915 | Caste War of Yucatán | ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Maya peasants of the Yucatán Peninsula | Temporary establishment of Chan Santa Cruz state; eventually suppression of the rebellion | [64] | |
1850–1864 | Taiping Rebellion | ![]() |
Taiping Heavenly Kingdom | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1855 | Kiev Cossacks insurrection | ![]() |
Kyiv "Cossacks"
Ukrainian peasants |
Suppression of the rebellion | [65] | |
1856 | "To Tavria for freedom" movement | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [65] | |
1851–1868 | Nian Rebellion | ![]() |
Nian militias | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1858 | Mahtra War | ![]() |
Estonian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [66] | |
1861 | Bezdna unrest | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [67] | |
1862 | Great Peasant Uprising of 1862 | ![]() |
Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1884 | Chichibu Incident | ![]() |
Japanese peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1888 | Peasant Revolt in Banten | ![]() |
Bantenese peasants and ulamas | Suppression of the rebellion | [68] | |
1892 | Jerez uprising | ![]() |
Regional fieldworkers | Suppression of the rebellion | [69] | |
1894–1895 | Donghak Peasant Revolution | ![]() ![]() |
Korean peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1896–1897 | War of Canudos | ![]() |
Canudos inhabitants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1899–1900 | Peasant unrest in Bulgaria | ![]() |
Bulgarian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1905-1906 | Sorochyntsi revolt | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [70] | |
1905–1908 | Maji Maji Rebellion | ![]() |
Matumbi people, Ngoni people, and other Tanganyikans | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[71] |
1907 | 1907 Romanian Peasants' Revolt | ![]() |
Romanian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1910 | Kileler uprising | ![]() |
Farmers of Thessaly | Initial suppression of the rebellion, followed by the arrested declared innocent and some minor measures in favor of the peasants being taken the next year; Actual requests of the peasants began being fulfilled in 1923. | [72] | |
1911 | Peasant rebellion in eastern Henan | ![]() |
Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [73][74] | |
1912-1916 | Contestado War | ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1913 | Peasant revolt in Northern Shaanxi | ![]() |
Chinese poppy farmers and bandits under a sect leader | Spread of the revolt; poppy plant eradication campaign stopped | [75] | |
1914 | Peasant Revolt in Albania | ![]() |
Muslim peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1916 | Urkun | ![]() |
Kyrgyz and Kazakh peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [76] | |
1917–1921 | Makhnovshchina | ![]() ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Livny Uprising | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Arsk Uprising | ![]() |
Tatar peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Sheksna uprising | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1918 | Anti-Hetman uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants
Ukrainian directorate supporters |
Abdication of Hetman Skoropadskyj
Restoration of the Ukrainian People's Republic Preliminary peace agreement between Ukraine and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic |
[77] | |
1919 | Chapan rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919 | Khotyn uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1919–1922 | Rebellion of "Chu the Ninth" (Ming pretender) | ![]() |
Yellow Way Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [78] | |
1920 | Pitchfork uprising | ![]() |
"Black Eagle" peasant rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920 | Croatian Peasant Rebellion | ![]() |
Croatian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1922 | Tambov Rebellion | ![]() |
Russian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1920–1926 | Spirit Soldier rebellions of eastern Sichuan and western Hubei | ![]() |
Spirit Soldier rebels, allied warlord forces | Stalemate: Large Spirit Soldier armies are destroyed, but movement persists | [79][80][81] | |
1921 | Peasant Rebellion of Sorokino | ![]() |
Russian peasants and White Army veterans | Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1921 | Malabar rebellion | ![]() |
Indian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
[82] |
1924 | Rebellion of "Wang the Sixth" (Ming pretender) | ![]() |
Wang's followers | Suppression of the rebellion | [78] | |
1924 | Tatarbunary uprising | ![]() |
Ukrainian peasants
Ukrainian bolsheviks |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1925 | Rebellion of Chu Hung-teng (Ming pretender) | ![]() |
Heavenly Gate Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [83] | |
1927 | Autumn Harvest Uprising | ![]() |
![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1928–1929 | Red Spears' uprising in Shandong | ![]() |
Red Spear Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [84] | |
1928-1940 | Revolts against soviet collectivisation | ![]() |
Soviet peasants | Suppression of the revolts | ||
1932 | Salvadoran peasant massacre | ![]() |
Salvadoran peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1932 | Lesko uprising | ![]() |
Polish peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [85] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Su County | ![]() ![]() |
Chinese poppy farmers and gentry under Wang Xiaobai and Ma Fengshan | Suppression of the rebellion | [86] | |
1932 | Peasant uprising against poppy-tax collection in Lingbi County | ![]() |
Chinese poppy farmers under Tian Xuemin | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [87] | |
1936 | Miyun District rebellion | ![]() ![]() |
Yellow Sand Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [88][89] | |
1944 | Peasant revolt in Beichuan County | ![]() |
Chinese poppy farmers of Xiaoyuan and Houyuan | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [90] | |
1944 | Peasant uprising in Indramayu | ![]() |
Indramayu Peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [91] | |
1946–1951 | Tebhaga movement | Bengal landlords | Bengal peasants (All India Kisan Sabha) ![]() |
Goal of the rebellion partially achieved | [92] | |
1946–1951 | Telangana Rebellion | ![]() ![]() |
Hyderabad peasants (Andhra Mahasabha) ![]() |
Goal of the rebellion achieved | [93] | |
1947–1954 | Hukbalahap Rebellion | ![]() |
Filipino peasants (Hukbalahap) | Suppression of the rebellion | [94] | |
1949 | Nankar Rebellion | ![]() Various Bengali Zamindars |
Communist Party and Peasants Association | Goal of the rebellion achieved | [95] | |
1950 | Cazin rebellion | ![]() |
Yugoslavian peasants | Suppression of the rebellion | [96] | |
1952–1960 | Mau Mau Uprising | ![]() |
Kikuyu farmhanders | Suppression of the rebellion | ![]() |
|
1958 | Rebellion at Fuzhou, Jiangxi | ![]() |
Dacheng sects | Suppression of the rebellion | [97] | |
1958 | Rebellion at Yongjing | ![]() |
Rural rebels | Suppression of the rebellion | [98] | |
1959–1965 | Escambray Rebellion | ![]() |
Cuban peasants ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Suppression of the rebellion | ||
1959 | Peasant rebellion at Sizhuang, Henan | ![]() |
"Regiment of Spirit Soldiers" | Suppression of the rebellion | [98] | |
1960 | Rebellion at Yongnian County | ![]() |
New Star Society | Suppression of the rebellion | [99] | |
1968–1969 | Agbekoya | ![]() |
Yoruba peasants | Goal of the rebellion achieved | ||
1969 | Rebellion at Changchun | ![]() |
Nine Palaces Way | Suppression of the rebellion | [100] | |
1969 | Rebellion at Shuangyang County | ![]() |
Mount Wutai sect | Suppression of the rebellion | [100] | |
1970s | 1970s peasant revolts in Thailand | ![]() |
Thai peasants | Peasant leaders assassinated | ![]() |
|
1975–1991 | Uprisings in Tigray and Eritrea; part of the Ethiopian Civil War | ![]() |
Tigrayan and Eritrean peasants | Derg overthrown; Eritrean independence | [101] | |
1994 | Zapatista uprising | ![]() |
Mexican indigenous peasants | Ceasefire | ![]() |
See also
[edit]- Servile Wars
- Peasant movement
- Popular revolts in late-medieval Europe
- Maoism
- United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants
References
[edit]- ^ Nuijasota by Heikki Ylikangas , Otava, 1996 ISBN 951-1-14253-4 (in Finnish)
- ^ Frantisek Graus (5 February 2008). "The Late Medieval Peasant Wars". The Journal of Peasant Studies. 3: 1–9. doi:10.1080/03066157508437962. S2CID 145755659.
- ^ Theda Skocpol (April 1982). "Review: What Makes Peasants Revolutionary?" (PDF). Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "Peasant Rebellions". Danmarkshistorien-Aarhus University. Archived from the original on 4 January 2019. Retrieved 20 October 2014.
- ^ "Chen Sheng and Wu Guang's Revolt Against Qin". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "The great revolt of the Egyptians (205–186 BC)". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
- ^ Dio Cassius, Epitome 72
- ^ Ulrich Theobald (28 June 2011). "The Yellow Turban Uprising". Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Baldwin, pp. 3–11.
- ^ Somers, pp. 688–692.
- ^ Somers, pp. 727–736.
- ^ Somers, pp. 727–762.
- ^ Kazhdan 1991, pp. 268–269
- ^ "Die Nördliche Song-Dynastie". Archived from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
- ^ Gowers, Bernard (2013). "996 and all that: The Norman peasants' revolt reconsidered". Early Medieval Europe. 21: 71–98. doi:10.1111/emed.12010. S2CID 161421440.
- ^ Andreev, pp. 221–228.
- ^ Vahtre, pp. 79–90.
- ^ Sumption, p. 444.
- ^ Hall, Toyoda; pp. 28–30.
- ^ Thomson, pp. 195–297.
- ^ Hicks, pp. 33–55.
- ^ Cheetham, p. 218.
- ^ Rotger, 2011, pp. 26–33.
- ^ Barros, 2006: O que sabemos dos irmandiños
- ^ Wunderli, Richard (1992). Peasant Fires: The Drummer of Niklashausen. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press. ISBN 9780253367259.
- ^ Štih, Peter (2000). "Kmečki upor na slovenskem Koroškem" [The Peasant Revolt in Slovene Carinthia]. In Vidic, Marko (ed.). Ilustrirana zgodovina Slovencev [The Illustrated History of the Slovenes] (in Slovenian). Mladinska knjiga. p. 132. ISBN 978-8611156644.
- ^ Berry, pp. 37–44.
- ^ Sugiyama 1994, p. 62.
- ^ Otani, pp. 609–612.
- ^ "Der Aufstad des Armen Konrad". Gechichtsverein Kongen. 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "Dózsa Rebellion". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Štih, Peter (2000). "Slovenski kmečki upor" [The Slovene Peasant Revolt]. In Vidic, Marko (ed.). Ilustrirana zgodovina Slovencev [The Illustrated History of the Slovenes] (in Slovenian). Mladinska knjiga. p. 142. ISBN 978-8611156644.
- ^ Cooke, Vietnamese Confucianization, pp. 289–292.
- ^ "Jelālī Revolts | Turkish history". Encyclopedia Britannica. 25 October 2012.
- ^ "Dacke War". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "Губеца Матии восстание 1573". Большая Советская Энциклопедия. Archived from the original on 15 July 2022. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ Veli Niinimaa. "Jaakko Ilkka". Archived from the original on 5 June 2016. Retrieved 22 October 2014.
- ^ "Bauernaufstände in Oberösterreich – Einleitung". Verbundes Oberösterreichischer Museen (in German). Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ^ Hummel, Arthur W. Sr., ed. (1943). . Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period. United States Government Printing Office.
- ^ Murray, Japan, pp. 258–262.
- ^ Majda, pp. 17–30.
- ^ Suter, pp. 146–155.
- ^ "Varenytsia Uprising". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Avrich, Paul (1976). Russian Rebels, 1600–1800. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 83–117. ISBN 978-0393008364.
- ^ Jacek Pędzimąż (17 May 2009). "Rzeczpospolita Podhalańska 1669/1670". Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ^ "КЛІЩИНСЬКЕ ПОВСТАННЯ ТА САМОВРЯДУВАННЯ 1767–1770". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Forster, Robert (1970). Preconditions of Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins. pp. 163–181. ISBN 9780801811760.
- ^ Serulnikov, Sergio (2013). Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0822354833.
- ^ Pascu, pp. 534–537.
- ^ Коляда, Ігор Анатолійович (2013). "Турбаївське повстання 1789-1793 рр. : 220 роковини супротиву українських селян політиці соціального поневолення" (in Ukrainian).
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help) - ^ "Sächsischer Bauernaufstand 1790". Bauerkriege. 28 June 2011. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Żygulski; Wielecki, p. 49.
- ^ Kreins, pp. 66–70
- ^ Daae, pp. 88–90
- ^ "47. Занепад кріпосницьких та зародження ринкових відносин в Україна у першій половині 19 ст. Початок промислового перевороту". StudFiles (in Russian). Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ "КАРМАЛЮК УСТИМ ЯКИМОВИЧ". resource.history.org.ua. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ "Chuhuiv uprising". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Hildermeier (2016), p. 770.
- ^ "Історія села Охрамієвичі | Північний Вектор". 4 February 2020. Archived from the original on 4 February 2020. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Manna, 2009, pp. 85–96.
- ^ Dubois 2012, pp. 127–133.
- ^ Dubois 2012, p. 133.
- ^ Jerzy Lukowski; Hubert Zawadzki (2006). A Concise History of Poland. Cambridge University Press. p. 170. ISBN 978-0521853323. Retrieved 4 April 2013.
- ^ Morales, Guillermo Boils (1979). "El movimiento de los trabajadores en Yucatán durante la gubernatura de Salvador Alvarado (1915-1917)". Revista Mexicana de Sociología. 41 (3): 621–649. doi:10.2307/3540085. ISSN 0188-2503. JSTOR 3540085.
- ^ a b "Антикріпосницький рух в Україні в 50—60 pp. XIX ст. - Довідник для підготовки до зовнішнього незалежного оцінювання - ЗНО з історії україни". uahistory.co (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ Raun, pp. 45–60.
- ^ Hildermeier (2016), p. 892.
- ^ Kartodirdjo, Sartono (1966). The Peasants' revolt of Banten in 1888. Koninklijk Instituut.
- ^ Yeoman, James Michael (2019). "The Jerez Uprising". Print Culture and the Formation of the Anarchist Movement in Spain, 1890–1915. Routledge. ISBN 978-1000712155.
- ^ "Сорочинська трагедія - Історія Великих Сорочинець". 27 September 2016. Archived from the original on 27 September 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ Iliffe, pp. 68–176.
- ^ Σήμερα .gr, Σαν. "Η Εξέγερση του Κιλελέρ". Σαν Σήμερα .gr (in Greek). Retrieved 4 January 2023.
- ^ Xing & Li (1991), p. 64–69.
- ^ Billingsley (1988), p. 49.
- ^ Bianco, p. 110.
- ^ Bruce Pannier (2 August 2006). "Kyrgyzstan: Victims Of 1916 'Urkun' Tragedy Commemorated". RFE/RL. Retrieved 2 August 2006.
- ^ "Tarashcha uprising". www.encyclopediaofukraine.com. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
- ^ a b Perry (1980), p. 159.
- ^ Bianco (2015), p. 14.
- ^ Alley (1966), pp. 175, 192.
- ^ Fenby (2008), p. 156.
- ^ "Battle of Pookottur commemorated". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 27 August 2009. Archived from the original on 1 September 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Tai (1985), p. 68.
- ^ Bianco (2015), pp. 5–9.
- ^ Głuszko, pp. 71–79.
- ^ Bianco, pp. 76–96.
- ^ Bianco, pp. 76–96.
- ^ Morning Tribune Staff (1936), p. 9.
- ^ The China Monthly Review Staff (1936), p. 473.
- ^ Wakabayashi; Brook, p. 110.
- ^ Kurasawa, Aiko (1983). "Forced Delivery of Paddy and Peasant Uprisings in Indramayu, Indonesia". The Developing Economies. 21 (1): 52–72. doi:10.1111/j.1746-1049.1983.tb00645.x.
- ^ Majumdar, p. 13.
- ^ "Hyderabad 1948: India's hidden massacre". BBC News. 24 September 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2015.
- ^ Ladwig III, Walter C. "When the Police are the Problem: The Philippine Constabulary and the Hukbalahap Rebellion" (PDF). www.walterladwig.com. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
- ^ Bose, Anjali (2004). Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan (in Bengali). Vol. 2. Kolkata: Sahitya Sansad. p. 14. ISBN 81-86806-99-7.
- ^ "Dokumentarni film o Cazinskoj buni na cazin.NET". Cazin. 6 May 2012. Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 11 February 2014.
- ^ Smith (2015), pp. 346–347.
- ^ a b Smith (2015), p. 346.
- ^ Smith (2015), pp. 347–348.
- ^ a b Smith (2015), p. 349.
- ^ John Young, Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Sources
[edit]- Adel, Manna (2009). "Rereading the 1834 Revolt Against Muhammad Ali in Palestine and Rethinking Ottoman Rule". In Kamil Mansur; Leila Tarazi Fawaz (eds.). Transformed Landscapes: Essays on Palestine and the Middle East in Honor of Walid Khalidi. American University of Cairo Press. ISBN 978-9774162473.
- Alley, Rewi (1966). In the spirit of the Hunghu; a story of Hupeh today. Beijing: New World Press.
- Andreev, J. (1996). Българските ханове и царе. Veliko Tarnovo. ISBN 978-954-427-216-6.
- Berry, Baldwin (1962). "Peasant Revolt in Africa in the Late Roman Empire". In Lewis Thorpe (ed.). Nottingham Medieval Studies Vol. VI. W. Heffer & Sons Ltd., Cambridge.
- Berry, Mary Elizabeth (1997). The Culture of Civil War in Kyoto. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520208773.
- Bianco, Lucien (2015). Peasants without the Party: Grassroots Movements in Twentieth Century China. Abingdon-on-Thames; New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-1563248405.
- Billingsley, Phil (1988). Bandits in Republican China. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
- Cheetham, Nicolas (1981). Mediaeval Greece. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-10539-1.
- Cooke, Nola (September 1994). "Nineteenth-century Vietnamese Confucianization in historical perspective: evidence from the palace examinations (1463–1883)". Journal of Southeast Asian Studies. 25 (2): 270–313. doi:10.1017/S0022463400013515. S2CID 154024618.
- Daae, Ludvig (1870). Norske Bygdesagn. Cappelen. pp. 88–90.
- Dubois, Laurent (2012). Haiti: The Aftershocks of History (Paperback ed.). New York City: Picador. ISBN 9780805095623.
- Fenby, Jonathan (2008). Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 to the Present. New York City: HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0061661167.
- Głuszko, Mariusz (2008). Bieszczady z historią i legendą w tle. Sandomierz.
- Hall, John Whitney; Toyoda, Takeshi (1977). Japan in the Muromachi Age. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-02888-3.
- Hicks, Michael (2010). The Wars of the Roses. Yale University Press.
- Hildermeier, Manfred (2016) [1st pub. 2013]. Geschichte Russlands. Vom Mittelalter bis zur Oktoberrevolution [History of Russia. From the Middle Ages to the October Revolution] (in German) (3rd ed.). Munich: C.H. Beck. ISBN 978-3-406-64551-8.
- Iliffe, John (1979). A Modern History of Tanganyika. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich (1991). "Basil the Copper Hand". In Kazhdan, Alexander Petrovich (ed.). Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- Kreins, Jean-Marie (2003). Histoire du Luxembourg (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. ISBN 978-2-13-053852-3.
- Majda, Jan (1981). Literatura o Tatrach i Zakopanem (do roku 1918). Ossolineum-PAN Krakow. ISBN 978-83-04-00863-2.
- Majumdar, Asok (2011). The Tebhaga Movement : Politics of Peasant Protest in Bengal 1946–1950. Aakar Books. ISBN 978-9350021590.
- Makhno, Peter Mikhail (2014). Crown Whims and Farmers' Endurance; Militarization, Over-Taxation and Farmers' Resistance in Denmark–Norway ca. 1500–1800. Nisus Publications.
- Murray, David (1905). Japan. G.P. Putnam's Sons.
- Otani, Chojun (1968). Le mouvement insurrectionnel des Ikko-Ikki, adeptes de la secte Bouddhique Shin-Shu au XVème et au XVIème siècle. École pratique des hautes études.
- Pascu, Ștefan (1984). Revoluția populară de sub conducerea lui Horea. București: Editura Militară. pp. 534–537.
- Perry, Elizabeth J. (1980). Rebels and Revolutionaries in North China, 1845–1945. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
- Pipes, Richard (1993). Russia under the Bolshevik regime. A.A. Knopf. ISBN 9780394502427.
- Raun, Toivo (2001). Estonia and the Estonians. Hoover Press. ISBN 978-0-8179-2852-0.
- Rotger, Agnès (2011). Pagesos contra nobles. Barcelona: Sàpiens.
- Smith, S.A. (2015). "Redemptive Religious Societies and the Communist State, 1949 to the 1980s". In Jeremy Brown; Matthew D. Johnson (eds.). Maoism at the Grassroots: Everyday Life in China's Era of High Socialism. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. pp. 340–364. ISBN 978-0674287204.
- Somers, Robert M. (1979). "The end of the T'ang". In Denis C. Twitchett (ed.). The Cambridge History of China Volume 3: Sui and T'ang China, 589–906 AD, Part One. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521214469.
- Sugiyama, Shigeki J. (1994). "Honganji in the Muromachi-Sengoku Period: Taking Up the Sword and its Consequences" (PDF). Pacific World. 2 (10): 56–74. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2014.
- Sumption, Jonathan (2009). The Hundred Years War: Divided Houses. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 978-0-8122-4223-2.
- Suter, Andreas, ed. (2004). Kollektive Erinnerungen an historische Ereignisse – Chancen und Gefahren. Der Bauernkrieg als Beispiel. Zürich: Orell Füssli Verlag. pp. 146–155. ISBN 978-3-280-06020-9.
- Tai, Hsüan-chih (1985). The Red Spears, 1916–1949. Ann Arbor, Michigan: Centre for Chinese Studies Publications, University of Michigan.
- Thomson, John A.F. (1983). The Transformation of Medieval England 1370–1529. Longman.
- Vahtre, Sulev (1960). Bartholomäus Hoeneke: Liivimaa noorem riimkroonika. Eesti Riiklik Kirjastus.
- Wakabayashi, Bob T.; Brook, Timothy. (2000), Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-22009-6
- Xing, Hansan; Li, Guoqiang (1991). "Yudong huangdao hui qiyi" [The uprising of the Huangdao Hui in east Henan in 1911]. Shixue Yuekan (Journal of Historical Science) (in Chinese). 5: 64–69.
- Żygulski, Zdzisław; Wielecki, Henryk. (1988). Polski mundur wojskowy. Kraków: Krakjowa Agencja Wydawnicza. ISBN 978-8303014832.
- Morning Tribune Staff (30 July 1936). "Yellow Sand Cult to be suppressed by Japanese". Morning Tribune. Vol. 1, no. 154. Peiping. p. 9. Retrieved 3 May 2018.
- The China Monthly Review Staff (20 August 1936). "'Yellow Sand' Society Suppressed by Japanese in Demilitarized Zone". The China Monthly Review. Vol. 77. Custom House, Shanghai. p. 473.