Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry
The Marquess of Londonderry | |
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![]() Portrait by Simon Jacques Rochard, 1833 | |
Tenure | 1854–1872 |
Predecessor | Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry |
Successor | George, 5th Marquess of Londonderry |
Born | 7 July 1805 Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London |
Died | 25 November 1872 White Rock Pavilion, Hastings | (aged 67)
Buried | Newtownards Priory |
Spouse(s) | Lady Elizabeth Jocelyn |
Father | Charles Vane, 3rd Marquess of Londonderry |
Mother | Catherine Bligh |
Frederick William Robert Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry KP PC (7 July 1805–25 November 1872), styled Viscount Castlereagh from 1822 to 1854, was a British nobleman and Tory politician. He was briefly Vice-Chamberlain of the Household under Sir Robert Peel between December 1834 and April 1835.
Background and education
[edit]Frederick Stewart was born on 7 July 1805 at Grosvenor Square, Mayfair, London.[1] He was the only child of Charles Stewart and his first wife Catherine Bligh. His father would become the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry but was at the time only the second son of Robert Stewart, 1st Marquess of Londonderry. His father's family was Ulster-Scots. Frederick's mother was the fourth and youngest daughter of John Bligh, 3rd Earl of Darnley.[2]
He was his father's only son from his father's first marriage. In 1812, while Frederick's father was serving in the army in the Peninsular War, Frederick's mother died. Frederick was seven. His father remarried seven years later in 1819 and Frederick's half-siblings were born.
He was the only child of his parents but had younger half-siblings:
Frederick's half-siblings |
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Frederick was looked after by his uncle and aunt, Lord and Lady Castlereagh. He went to Eton in 1814, where he stayed until 1820. After his father succeeded to the marquessate of Londonderry in 1822, Frederick Stewart became known by the courtesy title Viscount Castlereagh, which was to be his title for 32 years until 1854. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford in 1823.[5]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/John_Frederick_Lewis_-_A_Frank_Encampment_in_the_Desert_of_Mount_Sinai._1842_-_The_Convent_of_St._Catherine_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-John_Frederick_Lewis_-_A_Frank_Encampment_in_the_Desert_of_Mount_Sinai._1842_-_The_Convent_of_St._Catherine_in_the_Distance_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
Political career
[edit]He served under the Duke of Wellington as a Lord of the Admiralty from 1828 to 1830 and under Sir Robert Peel as Vice-Chamberlain of the Household from December 1834[6] to April 1835. On 23 February 1835, he was sworn of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom.[7]
He was one of the Members of Parliament for County Down from 1826 until 1852.[8][9]
From 1845 until 1864 he was Lord Lieutenant of Down. In 1856 he was made a Knight of the Order of St Patrick.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Fourth_Marquess_Londonderry_at_Mount_Stewart.jpg/220px-Fourth_Marquess_Londonderry_at_Mount_Stewart.jpg)
Personal life
[edit]In 1838, Count Gérard de Melcy, the husband of the Italian operatic singer Giulia Grisi, discovered a letter written to Giulia by Frederick Stewart, and the two men fought a duel on 16 June of that year. Lord Castlereagh was wounded in the wrist; the Count was uninjured. After the duel, Grisi left her husband and began an affair with Lord Castlereagh. Their son, George Frederick Ormsby (1838–1901), was born in November 1838 and brought up by his father.
By 1852, he "had fallen out with his father, the 3rd Marquess of Londonderry over their views on the land question [and] was obliged to retire because of these differences".[10]
Frederick Stewart married Lady Elizabeth Frances Charlotte Jocelyn, widow of Viscount Powerscourt and daughter of Robert Jocelyn, 3rd Earl of Roden, at the British Embassy in Paris on 2 May 1846. There were no children from the marriage. In 1855 his wife converted to Roman Catholicism.[11]
He succeeded his father in 1854 as the 4th Marquess of Londonderry. He built Scrabo Tower as a monument to the memory of his father.[12] In 1857 he and his wife attended the ceremony of the laying of the foundation stone.[13]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Arms_of_4th_Marquess_of_Londonderry.png/220px-Arms_of_4th_Marquess_of_Londonderry.png)
Decline, death, and succession
[edit]In 1862 Londonderry was diagnosed as mentally ill. He was secluded in a mental institution at White Rock Pavilion in Hastings.[15][b] He died there on 25 November 1872, aged 67 and was buried in the Newtownards Priory. His wife, the dowager Marchioness of Londonderry died on 2 September 1884, aged 70, and was buried with him in the double grave in the priory.
As he had no legitimate children, he was succeeded in the marquessate by his half-brother, George Vane-Tempest, 2nd Earl Vane. This had the effect that the fortunes of the Stewart and the Vane side of the Londonderry family were reunited in a single hand.
Ancestry
[edit]Ancestors of Frederick Stewart, 4th Marquess of Londonderry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Notes and references
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ^ This family tree is based on the genealogies of the marquesses of Londonderry.[3][4] Also see the list of siblings in the text.
- ^ This was almost certainly White Rock Villa as the White Rock Pavilion, now called the White Rock Theatre, was not built until 1927.
Citations
[edit]- ^ Cokayne 1893, p. 133, line 12: "[Frederick was] b. [born] 7 July 1805, in South street, Grosvenor sq.;"
- ^ Cokayne 1893, p. 132, line: "He [his father] m. [married] firstly, 8 Aug. 1804, at St. Geo. Han. sq., Catherine, 4th da. [daughter] of John [Bligh], 3d Earl of Darnley [I. [Ireland]] ..."
- ^ Burke & Burke 1915, pp. 1275–1277: "Genealogy of the marquesses of Londonderry"
- ^ Cokayne 1893, p. 131–134: "Genealogy of the marquesses of Londonderry"
- ^ Foster, Joseph (1888–1892). . Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886. Oxford: Parker and Co – via Wikisource.
- ^ "No. 19225". The London Gazette. 30 December 1834. p. 2348.
- ^ "No. 19243". The London Gazette. 24 February 1835. p. 334.
- ^ Cokayne 1893, p. 133, line 14: "M.P. for co. Down (26 years) 1826–1852;"
- ^ House of Commons 1878, p. 313: "Frederick Stewart, commonly called Lord Viscount Castlereagh / 8 July 1826 / Down County"
- ^ Brian Walker, 'Landowners and Parliamentary Elections in County Down, 1801–1921' PP 307–8 in Lindsay Proudfoot, 'Down – History and Society', Geography Publications, 1997
- ^ Gordon-Gorman 1899, p. 140: "Londondery, The late Elizabeth, fourth Marchioness of, daughter of the third Earl of Roden."
- ^ Hyde 1979, p. 50: "At the same time her husband constructed the great tower on Scrabo Hill overlooking the town in his father's memory."
- ^ "Memorial to the Late Marquis of Londonderry". The Illustrated London News. No. 28 March 1857. p. 300.
- ^ Burke 1869, p. 703Coat of Arms
- ^ Fleming 2005, p. 10: "The fourth Marquess spent the last decade of his life suffering from mental illness."
Sources
[edit]- Burke, Bernard (1869). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire (31st ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1045624502. – (for his coat of arms)
- Burke, Bernard; Burke, Ashworth Peter (1915). A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Peerage and Baronetage, the Privy Council, Knightage and Companionage (77th ed.). London: Harrison. OCLC 1155471554. – (for Londonderry)
- Cokayne, George Edward (1893). Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct, or dormant. Vol. V (1st ed.). London: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 1180836840. – L to M (for Londonderry)
- Fleming, N. C. (2005). Marquess of Londonderry: Aristocracy, Power and Politics in Britain and Ireland. London: I B Tauris. ISBN 1-85043-726-2.
- Gordon-Gorman, William James (1899). Converts to Rome (4th ed.). London: Swan Sonnenschein & Co. OCLC 458039774.
- Hyde, Harford Montgomery (1979). The Londonderrys A Family Portrait. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-10153-0.
- House of Commons (1878). Return. Members of Parliament – Part II. Parliaments of Great Britain, 1705–1796. Parliaments of the United Kingdom, 1801–1874. Parliaments and Conventions of the Estates of Scotland, 1357–1707. Parliaments of Ireland, 1599–1800. London: His/Her Majesty's Stationery Office. OCLC 13112546.
External links
[edit]- 1805 births
- 1872 deaths
- Bligh family
- Knights of St Patrick
- Lord-lieutenants of Down
- Lords of the Admiralty
- Marquesses of Londonderry
- Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Down constituencies (1801–1922)
- Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
- People educated at Eton College
- UK MPs 1826–1830
- UK MPs 1830–1831
- UK MPs 1831–1832
- UK MPs 1832–1835
- UK MPs 1835–1837
- UK MPs 1837–1841
- UK MPs 1841–1847
- UK MPs 1847–1852
- UK MPs who inherited peerages
- Vane-Tempest-Stewart family