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Gunnar Knudsen

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Gunnar Knudsen
Knudsen
11th Prime Minister of Norway
In office
31 January 1913 – 21 June 1920
MonarchHaakon VII
Preceded byJens Bratlie
Succeeded byOtto Bahr Halvorsen
In office
19 March 1908 – 2 February 1910
MonarchHaakon VII
Preceded byJørgen Løvland
Succeeded byWollert Konow
Minister of Agriculture
In office
31 January 1913 – 12 December 1919
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byErik Enge
Succeeded byHåkon Five
In office
9 June 1903 – 22 October 1903
Prime MinisterOtto Blehr
Preceded byWollert Konow (H)
Succeeded byChristian Mathiesen
Minister of Finance
Acting
12 December 1919 – 21 June 1920
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byAnton Omholt
Succeeded byEdvard H. Bull
In office
19 March 1908 – 2 February 1910
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byMagnus Halvorsen
Succeeded byAbraham Berge
In office
11 March 1905 – 31 October 1905
Prime MinisterChristian Michelsen
Preceded byChristian Michelsen
Succeeded byChristian Michelsen
In office
9 June 1903 – 22 October 1903
Prime MinisterOtto Blehr
Preceded byElias Sunde
Succeeded byBirger Kildal
Minister of Auditing
In office
31 January 1913 – 30 June 1918
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded byJens Bratlie
Succeeded byPosition abolished
In office
19 March 1908 – 2 February 1910
Prime MinisterHimself
Preceded bySven Aarrestad
Succeeded byWollert Konow
In office
11 March 1905 – 7 June 1905
Prime MinisterChristian Michelsen
Preceded byPaul B. Vogt
Succeeded byHarald Bothner
Acting
30 March 1903 – 9 June 1903
Prime MinisterOtto Blehr
Preceded byWollert Konow (H)
Succeeded byOtto Blehr
Personal details
Born
Aanon Gunerius Knudsen

(1848-09-19)19 September 1848
Saltrød, Aust-Agder, United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
Died1 December 1928(1928-12-01) (aged 80)
Skien, Telemark, Norway
Political partyLiberal
Spouse
Anna Sofie Cappelen
​
​
(m. 1880; died 1915)​
Children5

Gunnar Knudsen (19 September 1848 – 1 December 1928), born Aanon Gunerius Knudsen, was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party who served as the 11th prime minister of Norway twice from 1908 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1920. He also inherited a shipping company, and founded the shipping company Borgestad ASA. [1][2]

Early life and education

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Knudsen was born in 1848 at the medium-sized farm Saltrød at Stokken (now Arendal) in Aust-Agder. Norway. His father Christen Knudsen (1813–1888) was a sea captain and ship-owner, whose ancestors had lived at the farm for several generations. His mother Guro Aadnesdatter (1808–1900) had grown up at one of the smaller farms in Saltrød which her father which hailed from Vegusdal had bought. A brother of Gunnar died in 1855, his two living siblings were Jørgen Christian Knudsen (born 1843) and Ellen Serine (born 1846) who married Johan Jeremiassen (he also had four sisters ).[3]

Christen Knudsen established a shipyard in Arendal in 1851, but in 1855 he and the family moved to Frednes in Porsgrunn.[4] Gunnar Knudsen started studying at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1865 where he got a degree as engineer in 1867.[5]

Business career

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Returning to Norway, he started working at Aker's Mechanical Workshop and then went to England where he studied ship building technics at Piles Shipyard in Sunderland. The first ship he designed for the family's shipyard was Gambetta, named after the French politician Léon Gambetta. It was launched in 1871. The stay in England convinced Knudsen that the days of sail ships would soon be over and that the family business needed to start building steam ships in the future.[6]

Gunnar and his brother Jørgen Christian took over the shipyard from their father in 1872. In the following years they would also take over ships their father owned and the brothers formed a shipyard and shipping company together: J.C. og G. Knudsen.[7] In the period until 1879, Knudsen designed five ships for the company. He named the fifth Crossroad; it was the last sail ship he designed. In 1904, he merged his interests in three steam ship companies into Borgestad Shipping AS. [8]

Political career

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In 1886, he became the mayor of Gjerpen and in 1891 elected governor of Telemark. In 1891 Knudsen was elected to the Storting, becoming parliamentary leader in 1908 and party leader from 1909 to 1927. He was elected Prime Minister in 1908 and 1913. In social policy, Knudsen's time as prime minister saw the passage of the Sickness insurance Law of September 1909, which provided compulsory coverage for employees and workers below a certain income limit, representing approximately 45% of all wage earners.[9] That same year, the state approved free midwife services for unmarried mothers. In 1915, free midwife services were extended to the wives of men included under the national health insurance scheme.[10][11]

Personal life

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Gunnar Knudsen married Anna Sofie Cappelen (1854–1915) in 1880, and together they had five children, born between 1882 and 1893; Erik, Christen, Gudrun, Margit and Rolf.[12] Margit, married Schiøtt, was elected to the national parliament in 1945. Christen Knudsen had a son Knut Andreas Knudsen who became a politician as well.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Knut Dørum. "Gunnar Knudsen". Store norske leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  2. ^ "Gjennom ild, vann og land i mer enn 100 år". Borgestad ASA. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  3. ^ Nissen p. 11
  4. ^ Nissen p. 9–10
  5. ^ Nissen p. 16
  6. ^ Nissen p. 19
  7. ^ Nissen p. 23
  8. ^ Per Fuglum. "Gunnar Knudsen". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  9. ^ Growth to limits: the Western European welfare states since World War 2: Volume 4 by Peter Flora
  10. ^ Foundations of the Welfare State, 2nd Edition by Pat Thane, published 1996
  11. ^ "Gunnar Knudsen". University of Bergen. Retrieved July 1, 2017.
  12. ^ Utdrag av Gjerpens kirkebøker i hundrede aar: 1815–1914, vedkommende fødte, gifte og døde av mere almindelig interesse

Sources

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  • Nissen, Bernt August (1957). Gunnar Knudsen. (Oslo: Aschehoug).
[edit]
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Norway
1908–1910 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Norway
1913–1920 		Succeeded by
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