1905 in music
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This is a list of notable events in music that took place in the year 1905.
Specific locations
[edit]Events
[edit]- January 6 – Première of Leoš Janáček's piano cycle On an Overgrown Path (Po zarostlém chodníčku) at the "Besední dům" Hall in Brno.
- January 8 - Florent Schmitt's symphonic poem Le Palais hante [The Haunted Palace], based on a story by Edgar Allan Poe, is premièred at the Orchestre Lamoureux in Paris.[1]
- January 26 – Arnold Schoenberg's symphonic poem Pelleas und Melisande is premièred in Vienna.
- January 29 – Gustav Mahler's Kindertotenlieder is premiered in Vienna.
- February 2 - The Moscov paper Nashi Dni publishes an open letter signed by 29 prominent Moscov musicians, including Rachmaninoff, Chaliapin, Gliere, calling for basic reforms in Russia.[2]
- February 5 - Camille Saint-Saëns's Concerto No.2 in D Minor for Cello and Orchestra premieres in Paris
- February 10 - German conductor Felix Weingartner conducts for the first time in America with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra.[3]
- February 14 - Jules Massenet's opera Cherubin premiers in Monte Carlo.
- February 25 - Concerto for Dubble Bass and Orchestra by Serge Koussevitzky is premièred in Moscow, with the composer as soloist.
- February 27 - The ballet My Lady Nicotine, with music by George W. Byng, is produced at the Alhambra Theatre, London.[4]
- March 4 - Concerto in A minor for Violin and Orchestra, Op.82, by Alexander Glazunov, receives its world première in Saint Petersburg, the composer conducting.
- March 8 - Edward Elgar's Introduction and Allegro for string quartet and string orchestra and Pomp and Circumstance No.3 are premièred as the composer conducts the London Symphony Orchestra
- March 12 - Ottorino Respighi's first opera Re Enzo receives its initial performance in Bologna.
- March 16 - Pietro Mascagni's lyric drama Amica is premièred at the Theatre du Casino, Monte Carlo.
- March 19 - Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov is dismissed from the faculty of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory for supporting students who went on strike demanding reforms.[5]
- March 27 - A performance of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov's Kashchey the Deathless becomes the scene of heated public demonstration as a result of recent events at the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.
- April 14 - Engelbert Humperdinck's three-act comic opera Die Heirat wider Willen receives its initial performance at the Royal Opera in Berlin.
- April 15 - The Consertvatory of Geneva gives the first public demonstration os Émile Jaques-Dalcroze's eurythmics.
- April 30 - Louis Coerne is awarded a Ph.D.for his dissertation The Evolution of Modern Orchestration.
- May 25 - Emile Jaques-Dalcroze's opera Onkel Dazumal is produced in Cologne
- May 29 - Alexander Scriabin's Symphony No.3 in C Major, The Divine Poem, Op.43, is performed for the first time by Arthur Nikisch in Paris.
- June 26 - Gabriel Faure succeeds Theodore Dubois as director of the Paris Conservatoire
- September – The lyrics of Rabindranath Tagore's song "Amar Shonar Bangla" are published in two magazines. They are later adopted as the national anthem of Bangladesh.
- September 8 - Double-bass virtuoso Serge Koussevitzky maries Natalie Ushkov, the daughter of a wealthy tea merchant
- September 29 - George Whitefield Chadwick's symphonic poem Cleopatra premieres at the Worcester Music Festival in Massachusetts
- October – The opera house at Nancy, France, is destroyed by fire.
- October 4 - Enrico Caruso, now in Vienna, denies claims of music critics in Budapest that he "had to have morphine injected" when he sang in Budapest
- October 8 - Max Reger's Sinfonietta in A Major, Op.90 is premiered by Felix Mottl in Essen
- October 11 – The Institute of Musical Art, predecessor of the Juilliard School, opens in New York City.[6]
- October 15 – Claude Debussy's La Mer is premiered in Paris as Camille Chevillard conducts the Lamoureux Orchestra.
- October 19 - A revised final version of Jean Sibelius' Violin concerto in D Minor, Op.47, premieres in Berlin with Carl Halir as soloist.
- October 21
- Henry Wood first conducts a performance of his Fantasia on British Sea Songs at a Trafalgar Day concert in London.
- Turandot Suite, by Ferruccio Busoni, receives its first performance in Berlin.
- October 29 - The first concert of the New Symphony Orchestra of London occurs at the Coronet Theater, London
- Otto Klemperer meets Mahler for the first time, while conducting one of his works.
- December 1 - The first opera by an American composer ever to be staged in Europe is produced in Bremen. It is the three-act opera Zenobia, by Louis Adolphe Coerne.
- December 5 - Alexander Glazunov is elected director of the Saint Petersburg Conservatory
- December 9 - Richard Strauss's one-act musical drama Salome receives its initial performance at the Königliches Opernhaus in Dresden.
- December 26 - Charles-Marie Widor's four-act opera Les Pecheurs de Saint-Jean receives its first performance at the Opera-Comique in Paris.[7]
- December 28 - Die lustige Witwe by Franz Lehar, receives its first performance in Vienna.[8]
Published popular music
[edit]- "Amoureuse Waltz" Berger
- "And The World Goes On Just The Same" w. Jean Lenox m. Harry O. Sutton
- "Bandana Land" by Glen MacDonough
- "Bethena" m. Scott Joplin
- "Bink's Waltz" m. Scott Joplin
- "Birth of the Flowers" m. Charles E. Roat
- "Bunker Hill" w. Sam Erlich m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "Can't You See That I'm Lonely" w. Felix Feist m. Harry Armstrong
- "Carrisima" by Arthur Penn
- "Caw-Caw-Caw" w.m. by Maurice Stonehill & Joe Nathan
- "College Life" m. Hery Frantzen
- "Come Clean" by Paul Sarebresole
- "Daddy's Little Girl" w. Edward Madden m. Theodore F. Morse
- "Dearie" w.m. Clare Kummer
- "Down Where The Silv'ry Mohawk Flows" w. Monroe Rosenfeld m. John A. Heinzman & Otto Milton Heinzman (1873–1943)
- "Everybody Works But Father" w.m. Jean Havez
- "Farewell, Mister Abner Hemingway" w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz
- "Forty-Five Minutes From Broadway" w.m. George M. Cohan from the musical of the same name.
- "Friends That Are Good And True" Eysler
- "G. O. P." Bryan, Hoffman
- "Gee ! But This Is A Lonesome Town" Gaston
- "The Girl Who Cares For Me" w. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
- "Goodbye, Maggie Doyle" Jean Schwartz
- "Good-bye, Sweet Old Manhattan Isle" w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz
- "Goodbye, Sweetheart, Goodbye" w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Harry von Tilzer
- "Happy Heine" m. J. Bodewalt Lampe
- "He's Me Pal" w. Vincent P. Bryan m. Gus Edwards
- "Hiram Green, Good-bye" w. Henry Gillespie m. Clarence M. Chapel
- "How'd You Like To Spoon With Me?" w. Edward Laska m. Jerome Kern
- "I Don't Care" w. Jean Lenox m. Harry O. Sutton
- "I Love A Lassie" w. Harry Lauder & George Grafton m. Harry Lauder
- "I Want What I Want When I Want It" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
- "I Would Like To Marry You" w. m. Edward Laska
- "I Thought It Was My Birthday Come" w.m. T.W. Connor
- "If A Girl Like You Loved A Boy Like Me" w.m. Will D. Cobb m. Gus Edwards
- "If The Man In The Moon Were A Coon" w.m. Fred Fisher
- "I'm Getting Sleepy" w. Wilbur U. Gumm m. Joe Hollander
- "I'm The Only Star That Twinkles On Broadway" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry von Tilzer
- "I'm Trying To Find A Sweetheart" w. Jean Lenox m. Henry O. Sutton
- "In Dear Old Georgia" w. Harry Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
- "In My Merry Oldsmobile" w. Vincent P. Bryan m. Gus Edwards
- "In the Shade of the Old Apple Tree" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
- "The Irish Girl I Love" w. George V. Hobart m. Max Hoffmann
- "Is Everybody Happy?" w. Frank Williams m. Ernest Hogan & Tom Lemonier
- "It Ain't All Honey And It Ain't All Jam" w.m. Fred Murray & George Everard
- "It's Allus De Same In Dixie" Cook
- "I've Got A Little Money And I've Saved It All For You" Farrell, Silver
- "I've Sweethearts In Every Port" Keith
- "Jolly Pickaninnies" m. Ernst Rueffe
- "Just A Little Rocking Chair And You" w. Bert Fitzgibbon & Jack Drislane m. Theodore F. Morse[9]
- "Keep A Little Cosy Corner In Your Heart For Me" w. Jack Drislane m. Theodore F. Morse
- "Kiss Me Again" w. Henry Blossom m. Victor Herbert
- "The Leader Of The German Band" w. Edward Madden m. Theodore F. Morse
- "Leola" m. Scott Joplin
- "Little Girl, You'll Do" w. Benjamin Hapgood Burt m. Alfred Solman
- "Mary's A Grand Old Name" w.m. George M. Cohan. From the musical Forty-five Minutes from Broadway.
- "Meet Me Down At Luna, Lena" Brady, Johnston, Frantzen
- "The Moon Has His Eyes On You" w. Billy Johnson m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "Moonlight" w. James O'Dea m. Neil Moret
- "My Dusky Rose" w.m. Thomas S. Allen
- "My Gal Sal" w.m. Paul Dresser
- "My Irish Maid" Hoffman
- "My Irish Molly O" w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz
- "Nellie Dean" Henry W. Armstrong
- "Nobody" w. Alex Rogers m. Bert A. Williams
- "On An Automobile Honeymoon" w. William Jerome m. Jean Schwartz
- "On The Banks Of The Rhine With A Stein" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry von Tilzer
- "One Called "Mother" And The Other "Home Sweet Home"" w. William Cahill m. Theodore F. Morse
- "Paddy's Day" Fogarty, Mullen
- "Parade Of The Tin Soldiers" later known as "Parade Of The Wooden Soldiers" m. Leon Jessel
- "Peaches And Cream" m. Percy Wenrich
- "A Picnic For Two" w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Albert Von Tilzer
- "Pretty Desdamone" w.m. F. Collins Wildman
- "Put Me In My Little Cell" w P.G. Wodehouse, m Frederick Rosse
- "Ramblin' Sam" w. Harry H. Williams m. Jean Schwartz
- "Robinson Crusoe's Isle" w.m. Benjamin Hapgood Burt
- "Rufus Rastus Johnson Brown" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
- "Say Yes, Honey, Do" by Sara E. Posey
- "She Is My Daisy" w.m. Harry Lauder & J. D. Harper
- "Silence And Fun" Mullen
- "Since Nellie Went Away" w.m. Herbert H. Taylor
- "So Long Mary" w.m. George M. Cohan
- "Tammany" w. Vincent P. Bryan m. Gus Edwards
- "They Can't Diddle Me" w.m. T.W. Connor
- "To Be Loved by the Girl You Love" Irving J. Schloss
- "The Umpire Is A Most Unhappy Man" w. Will M. Hough & Frank R. Adams m. Joseph E. Howard
- "Violette" w. Dolly Jardon m. J. B. Mullen
- "Wait 'Til The Sun Shines, Nellie" w. Andrew B. Sterling m. Harry Von Tilzer
- "Waiting At The Church" w. Fred W. Leigh m. Henry E. Pether
- "Waltzing With The Girl You Love" w.m. George Evans & Ren Shields
- "When The Bell In The Lighthouse Rings Ding Dong" w. Arthur J. Lamb m. Alfred Solman
- "Where The River Shannon Flows" w.m. James J. Russell
- "The Whistler And His Dog" m. Arthur Pryor
- "The Whole Damm Family" Smith, Von Tilzer[10]
- "Why Don't You Try?" w. Harry H. Williams m. Egbert Van Alstyne
- "Will You Love Me In December" w. James J. Walker m. Ernest R. Ball
- "A Woman Is Only A Woman But A Good Cigar Is A Smoke" w. Harry B. Smith m. Victor Herbert
Recorded popular music
[edit]- "I Love A Lassie" by Harry Lauder[11]
- "Yankee Doodle Boy" by Billy Murray
- "Give My Regards To Broadway" by Billy Murray
- "In My Merry Oldsmobile" by Billy Murray
Classical music
[edit]- Hugo Alfvén – Symphony No. 3 in E major
- Claude Debussy
- La mer[12]
- Suite bergamasque (revised)[13]
- Edward Elgar – Introduction and Allegro for Strings
- George Enescu – Symphony No. 1 in E-flat major, Op. 13
- Gabriel Fauré – Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 89
- Leoš Janáček – Piano Sonata 1.X.1905
- Reynaldo Hahn – Le Bal de Béatrice d'Este, suite for wind instruments, two harps and piano
- Serge Koussevitzky - Concerto for Dobble Bass and Orchestra
- Nikolai Medtner – Fairy Tales for Piano (Opp. 8, 9)
- Carl Nielsen – Søvnen (The Sleep)
- Vítězslav Novák – Quartet for Strings No. 2 in D Major
- Helena Munktell – Violin Sonata, Op.21
- Ole Olsen – Trombone Concerto
- Maurice Ravel – Introduction et Allegro, for harp, flute, clarinet and string quartet
- Emil von Reznicek
- Nachtstück
- Präludium und chromatische Fuge
- Symphony No.2 in B-flat major "Ironic"
- Albert Roussel – Conte à la poupée, L.5
- Camille Saint-Saëns – Cello Sonata No. 2
- Arnold Schoenberg – String Quartet No. 1, Op. 7 in D minor.
- Jean Sibelius – Violin Concerto (Op. 47)[14]
- Emil Sjögren
- Poème, Op.40
- Piano Sonata No.2, Op.44
- Anton Webern –
- Langsamer Satz, for string quartet
- String Quartet in one movement
- Haydn Wood – Phantasy String Quartet
- Frederick Converse – The Pipe of Desire
- Leo Fall – Irrlicht
- Manuel de Falla – La Vida breve (libretto by Fernández Shaw)
- Franz Lehár
- Die Lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow) (Libretto by Victor Léon and Leo Stein, after the play L'attaché d'ambassade (The Embassy Attaché) by Henri Meilhac)
- Tatjana, premiered February 21 in Brünn
- Jules Massenet – Chérubin (Libretto by Henri Cain and Francis de Croisset)
- Leopoldo Mugnone – Vita Bretone
- Richard Strauss – Salome (Libretto by Hedwig Lachmann, from the play by Oscar Wilde)
- The Babes and the Baron Broadway production opened at the Lyric Theatre on December 25 and ran for 45 performances
- The Catch of the Season Broadway production opened at Daly's Theatre on August 28 and ran for 104 performances.
- The Earl and the Girl Broadway production opened at the Casino Theatre on November 4 and ran for 148 performances.
- Fantana Broadway production opened at the Lyric Theatre on January 14 and ran for 298 performances.
- Lifting the Lid Broadway production opened at the Aerial Gardens Theatre on June 5 and ran for 72 performances
- Die lustige Witwe (The Merry Widow) Vienna production, December 28
- Miss Dolly Dollars Broadway production opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on September 4 and moved to the New Amsterdam Theatre on October 16 for a total run of 112 performances.
- Mlle. Modiste Broadway production opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on December 12 and ran for 202 performances
- The Rogers Brothers in Ireland Broadway production opened at the Liberty Theatre on September 4 and ran for 106 performances.
- The Rollicking Girl Broadway production opened at the Herald Square Theatre on May 1 and transferred to the New York Theatre on April 16, 1906, for a total run of 199 performances
- Sergeant Brue Broadway production opened at the Knickerbocker Theatre on April 24 and ran for 152 performances.
- The Spring Chicken London production opened at the Gaiety Theatre on May 30 and ran for 401 performances
- When We Were Forty-One Broadway production opened at the New York Roof Theatre on June 12 and ran for 66 performances
- Wonderland Broadway production opened at the Majestic Theatre on October 24 and ran for 73 performances
Births
[edit]- January 2 – Michael Tippett, composer (d. 1998)[15]
- January 5 - Ernesto Halffter, Spanish composer (d. 1989)
- January 8 – Giacinto Scelsi, composer (d. 1988)[16]
- January 10 – Albert Arlen, Australian pianist, composer, actor, and playwright (d. 1993)[17]
- January 12 – Tex Ritter, actor and singer (d. 1974)[18]
- January 24 – Elena Nicolai, opera singer (d. 1993)
- January 26 – Maria von Trapp, singer (d. 1987)[19]
- February 11 – William Henry "Chick" Webb, drummer (d. 1939)[20]
- February 15 – Harold Arlen, popular composer (d. 1986)[21]
- February 18 – Queenie Leonard, British character actress and singer (d. 2002)
- February 25 – Harald Lander, Danish dancer and choreographer (d. 1971)
- March 2 – Marc Blitzstein, American composer (d. 1964)[22]
- March 6 – Bob Wills, country music singer (d. 1975)[23]
- March 11 – Michael Carr, composer and songwriter (d. 1968)
- March 15
- Bertha Hill, American blues, vaudeville singer and dancer (d. 1950)[24]
- Harold Loeffelmacher, musician and bandleader, Six Fat Dutchmen (d. 1987)
- March 18 - John Kirkpatrick, American pianist (d.1991)
- March 21 – Ivar Haglund, folksinger and restaurateur (d. 1985)
- March 22 - Ruth Page, dancer, choreographer and ballet director (d. 1991)
- March 23 – Lale Andersen, singer and cabaretist (d. 1972)[25]
- April 2
- Serge Lifar, Russian choreographer and dancer (d. 1976)
- Kurt Herbert Adler, Austrian conductor (d. 1988)
- April 3 - Lili Kraus, Hungarian pianist (d. 1986)
- May 2 – Alan Rawsthorne, composer (d. 1971)
- May 4 - Mátyás Seiber, Hungarian composer (d.1960)
- May 7 – Bumble Bee Slim, American Piedmont blues singer, guitarist (d. 1968)[26]
- May 8 – Red Nichols, US bandleader and cornettist (d. 1965)[27]
- May 10 – Louis Kaufman, American violinist (d. 1994)
- May 11 – Kansas Joe McCoy, American Delta blues musician, songwriter (d. 1950)[28]
- May 24 - Sascha Gorodnitzki, pianist (d. 1986)
- June 4 - José Echániz, Cuban-American pianist (d. 1969)
- June 6 - Arthur Mendel, music scholar and musicologist (d. 1979)
- June 13 – Doc Cheatham, US jazz trumpeter (d. 1997)
- June 18
- Eduard Tubin, Estonian composer (d. 1982)
- Leonid Lavrovsky, Soviet dancer, choreographer and ballet director (d. 1967)
- June 23 – Jesús Bal y Gay, Spanish composer, music critic and musicologist (d. 1993)
- July 7
- Charlo, Argentine singer, musician, pianist, actor and composer (d. 1990)
- Max Rostal, Austrian-British violinist (d. 1991)
- July 10 – Ivie Anderson, US jazz singer (d. 1949)
- July 15 – Dorothy Fields, US lyricist and librettist (d. 1974)[29]
- August 2 – Karl Amadeus Hartmann, composer (d. 1963)[30]
- August 8 – André Jolivet, composer (d. 1974)[31]
- August 23 – Constant Lambert, composer (d. 1951)[32]
- August 29 – Jack Teagarden, jazz trombonist, singer, bandleader and composer (d. 1964)[33]
- October 4 – Léon Orthel, composer and pianist (d. 1985)
- October 18 -Fritz Feldmann, musicologist (d. 1984)
- October 23 - Alexander Melik-Pashayev, Georgian conductor (d. 1964)
- October 24 – Elizabeth Poston, English composer, pianist and writer (d. 1987)
- November 7 – William Alwyn, composer (d. 1985)[34]
- November 12 - Arthur Hedley, English musicologist (d.1969)
- November 15 – Annunzio Mantovani Italian-born British orchestra leader and composer (d. 1980)[35]
- November 19 – Tommy Dorsey, jazz trombonist and brother of Jimmy Dorsey (d. 1956)[36]
- November 21 – Ted Ray, comedian and violinist (d. 1977)
- November 24 – Harry Barris, US singer, composer and pianist (d. 1962)
- December 7 – Charles Magnante, accordionist, composer, arranger, author, and educator (d. 1986)
- December 8 – Ernst Hermann Meyer, German (later East German) musicologist and composer (d. 1988)
- December 31 – Jule Styne, composer (d. 1994)[37]
Deaths
[edit]- January 4 – Theodore Thomas, conductor (b. 1835)
- January 5 – Belle Cole, operatic contralto (b. 1845)[38]
- January 10 – Kārlis Baumanis, composer (b. 1835)
- January 22 – Alfred Dörffel, German pianist (born 1821)
- February 10 – Ignacy Krzyżanowski, composer (b. 1826)
- February 12 – Edward Dannreuther, pianist (b. 1844)[39]
- March 15 – Luigi Manzotti, choreographer (b. 1835)
- April 12 – Giuseppe Gariboldi, flautist and composer (b. 1833)
- April 29 – Ignacio Cervantes, pianist and composer (b. 1847)
- May 5 – Ernst Pauer, pianist (b. 1826)
- May 13 – Sam S. Shubert, Broadway impresario (b. 1878) (rail crash)
- May 14 – Jessie Bartlett Davis, operatic contralto (b. 1859)
- May 15 – Andrey Schulz-Evler, composer and arranger (b. 1852)
- May 31 – Franz Strauss, musician and composer, father of Richard Strauss (b. 1822)
- July 8 – Walter Kittredge, self-taught musician and composer (b. 1834)[40]
- August 25 – Felix vom Rath, composer (born 1866)
- August 28 – Yannis Apostolou, Greek tenor who performed widely in Italy under the name Giovanni Apostolu (b. 1860)
- August 31 – Francesco Tamagno, operatic tenor (b. 1850)[41]
- September 22 – Célestine Marié, mezzo-soprano, the first "Carmen" (b. 1837)
- October 18 – Emmie Owen, opera singer (b. 1871)
- December 9 – Henry Holmes, composer and violinist (b. 1839)[42]
References
[edit]- ^ Jerry Edwin Rife (1986). A Study of the Early Twentieth-century Compositional Style of Florent Schmitt Based on an Examination of Psaume XLVII and La Tragédie de Salomé. Michigan State University. School of Music. p. 17.
- ^ Boris Schwarz (1972). Music and Musical Life in Soviet Russia, 1917-1970. Barrie and Jenkins. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-214-65264-6.
- ^ David Ewen (1978). Musicians Since 1900: Performers in Concert and Opera. H. W. Wilson Company. p. 944. ISBN 978-0-8242-0565-2.
- ^ Ivor Guest (1992). Ballet in Leicester Square: The Alhambra and the Empire, 1860-1915. Dance Books. p. 151. ISBN 978-1-85273-034-5.
- ^ Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov (1923). My Musical Life. A. A. Knopf. p. 371.
- ^ "A Brief History". Juilliard School. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
- ^ Organists' Review. Incorporated Association of Organists. 1995. p. 21.
- ^ James Harris Olander (1963). The Meilhac-Halévy Libretti for Offenbach. University of Wisconsin-Madison. p. 287.
- ^ Variety Radio Directory. Variety, Incorporated. 1938. p. 144.
- ^ Jack Burton; Larry Freeman (1969). The Blue Book of Broadway Musicals. Century House. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-87282-012-8.
- ^ Peter Martland (1997). Since Records Began: EMI, the First 100 Years. Amadeus Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-57467-033-2.
- ^ Jane F. Fulcher; Professor of Musicology Jane Fulcher; Princeton University Press (2001). Debussy and His World. Princeton University Press. p. 144. ISBN 0-691-09042-4.
- ^ Simon Trezise (19 February 2015). The Cambridge Companion to French Music. Cambridge University Press. p. 149. ISBN 978-0-521-87794-7.
- ^ Andrew Barnett (2007). Sibelius. Yale University Press. p. 172. ISBN 978-0300111590.
- ^ Discographies of British Composers: Sir Michael Tippett. British Institute of Recorded Sound. 1980. p. 89.
- ^ Mark Morris (1996). A Guide to 20th-century Composers. Methuen. p. 268. ISBN 978-0-413-45601-4.
- ^ Eileen Dorum (1997). Composers of Australia: A Chronological Guide to Composers Born Before 1950. I.C. & E.E. Dorum. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-9588965-2-8.
- ^ Michael McCall; John Rumble; Paul Kingsbury (16 December 2004). The Encyclopedia of Country Music. Oxford University Press. p. 1812. ISBN 978-0-19-984044-1.
- ^ John Arthur Garraty; Mark Christopher Carnes (1999). American National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 801. ISBN 978-0-19-512800-0.
- ^ John Chilton (1978). McKinney's Music: A Bio-discography of McKinney's Cotton Pickers. Bloomsbury Book Shop. p. 65. ISBN 978-0-9501290-1-3.
- ^ Gerald Bordman (March 2001). American Musical Theater: A Chronicle. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 517. ISBN 978-0-19-513074-4.
- ^ Nicolas Slonimsky (1938). Music Since 1900. W.W. Norton, Incorporated. p. 50.
- ^ Kurt Wolff (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. pp. 92–. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4.
- ^ Mike Leadbitter; Neil Slaven (1987). Blues Records, 1943-1970: A Selective Discography. Record Information Services. p. 557. ISBN 978-0-907872-07-8.
- ^ The Historic Record & AV Collector Quarterly. J. R. Wrigley. 1992. p. 27.
- ^ Mike Leadbitter; Neil Slaven (1987). Blues Records, 1943-1970: A Selective Discography. Record Information Services. p. 387. ISBN 978-0-907872-07-8.
- ^ Jazz research. Universal Edition. 2007. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-201-01889-0.
- ^ Robert Santelli (2001). The Big Book of Blues: A Biographical Encyclopedia. Penguin Books. p. 324. ISBN 978-0-14-100145-6.
- ^ Current Biography Yearbook. H. W. Wilson Company. 1974. p. 45.
- ^ Guy Rickards (19 October 1995). Hindemith, Hartman and Henze. Phaidon Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-7148-3174-9.
- ^ Cleveland Orchestra (1958). Program. Musical Arts Association. p. 441.
- ^ South London Art Gallery; Constant Lambert (1976). Constant Lambert, 1905-1951: A Souvenir of the Exhibition at the South London Art Gallery, Peckham Road, London SE5 8UH, 17 September-7 October 1976 ... London Borough of Southwark Council. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-9500243-9-4.
- ^ John Arthur Garraty; Mark Christopher Carnes (1999). American National Biography. Oxford University Press. p. 416. ISBN 978-0-19-512800-0.
- ^ Ian Johnson (2005). William Alwyn: The Art of Film Music. Boydell Press. pp. 11–. ISBN 978-1-84383-159-4.
- ^ John Arthur Garraty; Mark Christopher Carnes (1999). American National Biography. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512793-5.
- ^ The Book of Golden Discs. Barrie & Jenkins. 1978. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-214-20480-7.
- ^ Steven Suskin (1992). Show Tunes, 1905-1991: The Songs, Shows, and Careers of Broadway's Major Composers: Revised and Expanded. Limelight Editions. p. 374. ISBN 978-0-87910-146-6.
- ^ E. Douglas Bomberger (1999). Brainard's Biographies of American Musicians. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-313-30782-9.
- ^ Randel Don (1996). The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Harvard University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-674-37299-3.
- ^ George Calvin Carter (1953). Walter Kittredge, Minstrel of the Merrimack. George Calvin Carter. p. 123.
- ^ James F. E. Dennis (1984). The Record Collector. Record Collector. p. 13.
- ^ Maggie Humphreys; Robert Evans (1 January 1997). Dictionary of Composers for the Church in Great Britain and Ireland. A&C Black. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-7201-2330-2.
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